BROADCASTING TECHNOLOGY

INSTALATION OF NEW 120 KVA UPS

2011-09-15T15:27:00.000-07:00

Steps to shift MPEG-4 rack power supply to 40KVA

Shift the services of online Encoders one by one to standby Encoders and change the online Encoders power supply to 40KVA.
After all ON-line Encoder’s power supply went to 40KVA. We will shift standby Encoders power to 40KVA.
We will change over the services to stand by chain with Modulator and shift the power supply of online Media switch, prostream and Modulator to 40 KVA and vice versa.
After that we will stop the Domain manager of NMX server and break the redundancy.
After that we will restart the NMX server and management switch with 40KVA UPS power supply and rebuilt the redundancy and start the Domain manager
After that we will connect IF of standby Modulator to standby Up converter directly and bring to online for shifting A/B IF switch power to 40 KVA, because no standby A/B switch .
We have to bypass Audio and video Routers of MPEG-4 rack with patch cards, Because there is no standby Routers in circuit and also not have dual power supply.
We will remove patches of audio/video routers.
Maximum time taken for above procedure is 4 to 5 Hours.
Maximum 10sec blank-outs will come during change over.

Steps to shift CA rack power supply to 40KVA

1^st Option:

Restart standby SAS’s of MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 services with 40KVA ups.
Shift both services of MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 online SAS’s to standby, and Restart the both online SAS’s .
Take online SAS’s to on-air.
Restart the standby PISYS-server with 40 KVA power supply (it was already disconnected from network HUB)
Take a fresh back-up from online PISYS server and restore this back-up into standby PISYS server.
Stop the online PISYS server and remove the Ethernet cable from HUB.
Insert Ethernet cable of standby PISYS Server into network HUB then start standby PISYS server.
Restart online PISYS server with 40KVA ups and bring to online, if necessary same as above procedure.
Arming the standby Encryptor with 40KVA ups power supply. ( No break-down of services because both Encryptor’s are in sharing mode .
Maximum time taken for above procedure is 2 to 3 Hours.
NO service interruption during this process

2^ndOption.ww.freshersworld.com

We will make services of MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 free to air (FTA) by bypassing the SAS’s with

I-connectors then restart all the CA rack equipment with 40KVA ups power supply.

After that we bring the services into Scrambling with CA.

Steps to shift PNC-2 rack power supply to 40KVA

Change the power supply of Encoders, multiplexers, A/V Distribution Amplifier’s and

16x2 A/V switch to 40KVA power supply one by one directly, because these units are having dual power supply.

Keep modulation protection function OFF in both modulators and restart standby modulator with 40KVA power supply.
ON the modulation protection function in both modulators and change over service to standby modulator.
Once again OFF the protection function in both modulators and restart online modulator with 40KVA power supply, finally ON the modulation protection in modulators and shift the service to main modulator.
Login with user name: emc , Stop the PNC service and restart PNC server with 40KVA ups power supply.
Start PNC service after re-login and verify all the equipment functioning correctly with MOM command.
Restart the PNC clients, HUB, switch, Digi port with 40KVA power supply.
Maximum time taken for above procedure is 4 to 5 Hours.
NO service interruption during this process.

Steps to shift upconvertor rack power supply to 40KVA

1) Put up-converter switch to Manual mode.

2) Change power supply of standby up-converter to 40KVA and disconnect output from up-converter and connect it to KHPA directly, release RF inhibit in KHPA and took services on KHPA.

3) Restart online upconvertor, up-converter switch, TWTA’s and TWTA switch with 40KVA power supply one by one.

4) Now change over service to normal online upconvertor i.e., the service in online TWTA.

5) Normalize the standby upconvertor RF output to RF switch, which is changed in step-2.

6) There is no service interruption and take approximately one hour.

Steps to shift ATC rack power supply to 40KVA

Directly change over the power supplies of ATC’s, Beacon receivers, LNA power supplies and Dehydrators to 40KVA ups because these are in offline.( Antenna in stop mode)
Already 9mtr APC connected to 40KVA, we have to think about 11mtr APC because cables directly connected to 63A MCB from KHPA room, so we have to lay new cables.

Steps to shift LINE-3 rack power supply to 40KVA

We have to shift all line-3 equipment to 40KVA directly.
Finally we have to patch MPEG-2 & MPEG-4 channels from line-3 cables.

Note : After rechecking all the transmission equipment under 40KVA UPS power supply, we will proceed with new UPS installation.

Work to done at Electrical Side

We have to do load test of 40KVA UPS with Daylights, the load should be 30AMPS for each phase for min 30 minutes.
If possible we will connect existing battery bank i.e. EXIDE output parallel to 40KVA and check load test as above.
Before installation we have to check the function of new UPS by connecting parallel kit circuit boards with Amur Raja battery bank in presence of Mr. Mahesh (Emerson)
The existing UPS output is connected to bus bar if possible we have to connect the UPS outputs to individual through common 200AMP MCBS for future replacement of UPS easily. the rack is also available in DG room but small modification is required.

As shown in the below Diagram

After required load shifted to40 KVA we have to shutdown existing 120KVA UPS one by one and replace the new 120KVA UPS.
After connecting inputs and outputs of new UPS we have to check the performance of UPS function with KHPA/other loads.
After everything o.k. with new UPS we have to shift transmission load same as with 40KVA.

Existing Circuit Diagram

New Circuit Diagram

Including MPEG-2 transport stream in to MPEG-4 NMX server

2011-05-12T08:29:00.000-07:00

Including MPEG-2 transport stream in to MPEG-4 NMX server

* Assign NMX prostream 2nd port as a input port and connect ASI signal of MPEG-2 i.e.,

from PNC-2 MUX output.

* Create another MPEG-2 transport stream in NMX server and also create audio and video signals

in this transport stream, audio and video PID's should be identical to PNC-2 PID's.

* Minimize PNC-2 output Bitrate(Datarate) to 3.5 - 3.7 i.e., by

a) Removing C.A bits (500 kbps).

b) Adjusting video bitrate to 3.3 Mbps.

* Assign 3.8 Mbps bitrate to MPEG-2 transport stream in NMX server for this we have to adjust

NMX MPEG-4 Divitrack pool rate from 30 Mbps to 26.1 Mbps.(now each MPEG-4 channel bit

rate-2 Mbps).

* Connect input and output of MPEG-2 transport stream to MPEG-4 transport stream logically

in NMX server as 15th channel.

* Activate this MPEG-2 service in NMX server and check the output of MPEG-2.

* Delete existing MPEG-2 transport stream in PI-SYS server.

* Delete MPEG-2 SAS IP address in PI-SYS server.

* Remove both the MPEG_2 SAS's from the rack

* Tune 15th channel MPEG-2 signal in MPEG-4 transport stream and add product and other

settings.

* check the final output.

Sum alarm in pisys system: The Log SMS Command has reached the configurable limit.You sholud perform a backup and clean the table.

2011-01-11T19:01:00.001-08:00

Follow the following steps to solve the above issue and its solution

Alarm : Control Service
   Sum: The Log SMS Command has reached the configurable limit.You sholud perform a backup
               and clean the table.
Event ID: 11045

Steps1:
Open PISYS Configuration builder,
                                  |System
                 |Control System
                                                   |Server Setup
        | System Checks
                |Log SMS Command , in this option change the
"Table exceed Limit: 3,00,000. Here we changed this value to 10,00,000." Then "SAVE" and "CLOSE".
After the first step,close all PISYS applications which were opened and follow the step2.

Step2:
a.Right on the Mycomputer Icon,
    |Manage
          |Services and Applications
                |Services
                      |PISYS Control Service,right click and select "Restart".
This will stops the PISYS Control Centre.
b. In Computer Management Window,
    | Select IIS Manager,right click
           |All tasks,select "Restart IIS".,click "O.K".
Now open the PISYS Control Centre ans start the PISYS.

Run the batch below file from desktop on your PIsys system. This will create a text file on desktop with name “versioninfo.txt”.

2011-01-11T17:13:00.001-08:00

osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v4_0 from casmartcard where scmodel like '4%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt
osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v2_0 from casmartcard where scmodel like '2%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt
osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v5_0 from casmartcard where scmodel like '50%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt
osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v5_3 from casmartcard where scmodel like '53%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt
osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v5_4 from casmartcard where scmodel like '54%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt
osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v5_7 from casmartcard where scmodel like '57%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt
osql -Umcas -Pmcas -dMCASDB -Q"select count(*) AS v5_8 from casmartcard where scmodel like '58%%' and scuniqueaddress in (select scuniqueaddress from casmartcardgroup)" >> versioninfo.txt

after execution of above batch file it will show like this

v4_0
-----------
           0

(1 row affected)
v2_0
-----------
           0

(1 row affected)
v5_0
-----------
       27875

(1 row affected)
v5_3
-----------
       13065

INSAT-4A AND INSAT-2E AZ & EL DETAILS IN INDIA

2011-01-09T15:00:00.001-08:00

All India Azimuth Elevation details

Satellite position (Long )        :83 degree
* Azimuth in the below list should be taken clockwise from North

        STATES              LOCATION             Elevation        Azimuth
ANDHRA PRADESH         Adilabad                      66.33    166.96
ANDHRA PRADESH         Ananthpur                     71.70    159.76
ANDHRA PRADESH         Chithoor                      73.78    163.37
ANDHRA PRADESH         Cuddapah                      72.33    163.74
ANDHRA PRADESH         East godavari                 70.00    178.01
ANDHRA PRADESH         Guntur                        70.69    170.84
ANDHRA PRADESH         Hyderabad                    69.17    165.65
ANDHRA PRADESH         Karimnagar                    67.93    167.93
ANDHRA PRADESH         Karnool                       70.55    162.39
ANDHRA PRADESH         Khammam                    69.78    170.39
ANDHRA PRADESH         Krishna                       68.82    207.17
ANDHRA PRADESH         Medak                         69.07    167.12
ANDHRA PRADESH         Mahaboobnagar                 69.51    163.11
ANDHRA PRADESH         Nalgonda                      69.51    167.47
ANDHRA PRADESH         Nellore                       72.68    168.00
ANDHRA PRADESH         Nizamabad                     67.40    165.01
ANDHRA PRADESH         Prakasam                      69.18    170.28
ANDHRA PRADESH         Ranagareddy                  69.17    164.80
ANDHRA PRADESH         Srikakulam                    69.05    182.99
ANDHRA PRADESH         Vishakapatnam                66.10    210.87
ANDHRA PRADESH         Vizianagaram                  68.74    181.29
ANDHRA PRADESH         Warangal                      68.86    168.34
ANDHRA PRADESH         West godavari                 70.70    173.21
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Anini                         53.81    205.31
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Changlang                     55.23    205.25
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      East kamneng                  56.18    201.17
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      East siang                    54.62    204.64
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Itanagar                     56.67    202.77
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Lohit                         54.05    208.68
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Lower subansiri               55.46    202.34
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Tawang                        56.19    198.65
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Tirap                        55.58    205.03
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      Upper subansiri               55.03    202.78
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      West kameng                   56.65    201.83
ARUNACHAL PRADESH      West siang                    55.28    202.23
ASSAM                  Barpeta                       57.87    197.60
ASSAM                  Darrang                       57.43    199.71
ASSAM                  Dhubri                        58.58    194.49
ASSAM                  Dibrugarh                     58.58    194.49
ASSAM                  Diphu                         57.62    202.48
ASSAM                  Dispur                       60.00    200.97
ASSAM                  Goalpara                      58.58    194.49
ASSAM                  Golaghat                      56.52    203.45
ASSAM                  Halflong                      58.51    202.56
ASSAM                  Jorhat                        56.67    202.22
ASSAM                  Kamrup                        60.13    200.24
ASSAM                  Karimganj                     59.28    201.67
ASSAM                  Kokrajhar                     57.98    196.09
ASSAM                  Lakhimpur                     55.72    203.96
ASSAM                  Nagaon                        57.58    200.55
ASSAM                  Nalbari                       57.68    198.17
ASSAM            Pragiotishpur             58.04 198.37
ASSAM            Sibsagar                  55.97 204.25
ASSAM            Silchar                   58.87 202.77
ASSAM            Sonitpur                  56.57 201.23
BIHAR            Aurangabad                61.01 182.98
BIHAR            Begusarrai                60.01 186.94
BIHAR            Bettiah                   58.67 182.96
BIHAR            Bhagalpur                 60.15 189.27
BIHAR            Bhojpur                   60.21 184.46
BIHAR            Chaibasa                  63.41 187.27
BIHAR            Chapra                    61.24 185.21
BIHAR            Darbhanga                 59.44 186.82
BIHAR            Deoghar                   60.85 188.93
BIHAR            Dhanbad                   61.84 188.61
BIHAR            Dumka                     61.22 190.25
BIHAR            Gaya                      60.93 184.76
BIHAR            Giridih                   61.51 187.70
BIHAR            Godda                     60.69 193.07
BIHAR            Gopalganj                 58.99 183.73
BIHAR            Gumla                     62.91 184.46
BIHAR            Hazaribagh                61.80 185.80
BIHAR            Jehanabad                 60.87 191.14
BIHAR            Katihar                   59.79 190.17
BIHAR            Khagaria                  62.54 184.15
BIHAR            Lohardaga                 62.34 184.16
BIHAR            Madhepura                 59.41 188.72
BIHAR            Madhubani                 59.03 186.88
BIHAR            Monghyr                   59.94 188.09
BIHAR            Mothihari                 58.73 185.56
BIHAR            Muzaffarpur               59.49 185.69
BIHAR            Nalanda                   60.45 185.86
BIHAR            Nawada                    60.83 185.94
BIHAR            Palamau                   61.83 185.11
BIHAR            Paschim champara          58.61 183.69
BIHAR            Patna                    59.49 185.69
BIHAR            Purnia                    59.46 190.18
BIHAR            Ranchi                    62.51 185.82
BIHAR            Saharsa                   59.56 187.99
BIHAR            Sahebganj                 60.06 190.45
BIHAR            Samastipur                59.65 186.48
BIHAR            Sasaram                   60.83 182.41
BIHAR            Sitamarhi                 59.13 181.31
BIHAR            Siwan                     59.66 183.81
BIHAR            Vaishali                  59.81 184.98
GOA              Goa                       69.17 149.45
GOA              North goa                68.94 148.87
GOA              South goa                 69.25 149.32
GUJARAT          Ahmedabad                60.61 154.85
GUJARAT          Amreli                    61.40 150.44
GUJARAT          Banaskantha               59.24 155.54
GUJARAT          Bhavnagar                 61.46 152.94
GUJARATH         Bahariah                  57.76 176.98
GUJARAT          Bhuj                      58.93 149.08
GUJARAT          Dangs                     63.39 154.72
GUJARAT          Gandhinagar               60.48 155.13
                               Page 2 of 9
                All India Azimuth Elevation details for RABMN.
GUJARAT                 Jamnagar                   60.15 150.09
GUJARAT                 Junagadh                   61.04 148.80
GUJARAT                 Kheda                      60.87 155.01
GUJARAT                 Mahesena                   59.76 155.11
GUJARAT                 Panchmahal                 60.96 156.00
GUJARAT                 Rajkot                     60.46 150.33
GUJARAT                 Sabarkantha                59.86 156.07
GUJARAT                 Surat                      62.62 153.61
GUJARAT                 Surendranagar              60.46 152.50
GUJARAT                 Vadodara                   61.71 155.54
GUJARAT                 Valsad                     63.16 153.06
HARYANA                 Ambala                     54.00 167.93
HARYANA                 Bhiwani                    55.53 166.05
HARYANA                 Faridabad                 56.07 168.28
HARYANA                 Gurgaol                    56.00 168.13
HARYANA                 Hissar                     55.06 165.34
HARYANA                 Jind                       54.94 166.78
HARYANA                 Karnal                     54.79 167.95
HARYANA                 Kurukshetra                54.42 168.13
HARYANA                 Narnaul                    56.40 165.53
HARYANA                 Rohtak                     55.58 166.89
HARYANA                 Sirsa                      54.38 163.95
HARYANA                 Sonepat                    55.40 168.33
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Bilaspur                   52.89 168.17
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Chamba                     51.38 167.36
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Hamirpur                   52.67 167.05
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Kangra                     51.78 167.65
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Kinnaur                    52.97 171.12
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Kullu                      52.34 169.37
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Lahul and spiti            51.40 169.46
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Mandi                      52.51 168.60
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Nahan                      54.14 169.21
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Shimla                    53.40 169.41
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Solan                      52.51 169.17
HIMACHAL PRADESH        Una                        52.76 167.02
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Ananthnag                  49.91 166.05
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Badgam                     49.12 166.18
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Baramulla                  49.15 164.99
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Doda                       50.63 166.76
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Jammu                     50.71 165.21
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Kargil                     49.18 168.02
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Kathua                     51.42 166.20
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Kupwara                    48.75 164.83
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Ladakh                     49.89 170.41
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Poonch                     49.58 164.27
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Pulwama                    49.71 165.55
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Rajouri                    50.22 164.46
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Srinagar                  49.41 165.59
JAMMU & KASHMIR         Udhampur                   50.49 165.74
KARNATAKA               Bangalore - rura          73.51 157.09
KARNATAKA               Bangalore - urba          72.84 158.01
KARNATAKA               Belgaum                    69.15 151.65
KARNATAKA               Bellary                    70.82 157.62
KARNATAKA               Bidar                      68.79 162.06
KARNATAKA               Bijapur                    68.55 156.17
KARNATAKA              Chickmagalur              72.21 151.12
KARNATAKA              Chitradurga               71.63 154.77
KARNATAKA              Dakshin kannada           72.15 147.25
KARNATAKA              Dharwad                   69.71 152.39
KARNATAKA              Gulbarga                  68.46 160.07
KARNATAKA              Hassan                    72.73 151.81
KARNATAKA              Kodagu                    73.13 149.33
KARNATAKA              Kolar                     73.56 159.46
KARNATAKA              Mandya                    73.56 154.39
KARNATAKA              Mysore                    73.76 152.42
KARNATAKA              Raichur                   69.68 160.03
KARNATAKA              Shimoga                   71.50 151.55
KARNATAKA              Tumkur                    72.90 155.86
KARNATAKA              Uttar kannada             69.79 148.62
KERALA                 Alleppy                   76.78 146.56
KERALA                 Cannanore                 73.67 147.89
KERALA                 Ernakulam                 75.02 147.80
KERALA                 Iddukki                   76.57 149.11
KERALA                 Kasargod                  72.50 146.45
KERALA                 Kottayam                  76.40 145.61
KERALA                 Kozhikode                 74.32 147.01
KERALA                 Malapuram                 74.84 147.36
KERALA                 Palghat                   75.35 149.25
KERALA                 Quilon                    77.02 144.29
KERALA                 Trichur                   75.54 146.04
KERALA                 Trivandrum               77.70 143.93
KERALA                 Wynad                     74.05 149.53
MADHYA PRADESH         Balaghat                  64.25 172.50
MADHYA PRADESH         Bastar                    67.57 177.05
MADHYA PRADESH         Betul                     63.71 166.54
MADHYA PRADESH         Bhilaspur                 64.01 176.91
MADHYA PRADESH         Bhind                     58.51 170.78
MADHYA PRADESH         Bhopal                   62.05 166.10
MADHYA PRADESH         Chhatrapur                60.62 171.93
MADHYA PRADESH         Chhindware                63.77 169.32
MADHYA PRADESH         Damoh                     61.80 170.79
MADHYA PRADESH         Detia                     59.49 169.73
MADHYA PRADESH         Dewas                     62.00 162.69
MADHYA PRADESH         Dhar                      62.14 160.62
MADHYA PRADESH         Durg                      65.09 175.26
MADHYA PRADESH         East nimar                63.36 162.58
MADHYA PRADESH         Guna                      60.59 166.53
MADHYA PRADESH         Gwalior                   58.88 169.17
MADHYA PRADESH         Hoshangabad               62.71 166.55
MADHYA PRADESH         Indore                    62.21 162.04
MADHYA PRADESH         Jabalpur                  62.66 172.20
MADHYA PRADESH         Jhabua                    61.69 159.13
MADHYA PRADESH         Mandla                    63.38 173.22
MADHYA PRADESH         Mandsaur                  60.46 161.13
MADHYA PRADESH         Morena                    58.44 168.76
MADHYA PRADESH         Narasimhapur              62.79 170.29
MADHYA PRADESH         Panna                     60.93 173.33
MADHYA PRADESH         Raigarh                   64.43 180.45
MADHYA PRADESH         Raipur                    65.07 176.00
MADHYA PRADESH         Raisen                    61.90 166.38
MADHYA PRADESH         Rajgarh                   61.01 164.54
MADHYA PRADESH         Rajnandgagon              65.37 173.95
MADHYA PRADESH         Ratlam                    61.30 160.85
MADHYA PRADESH         Rewa                      61.23 175.91
MADHYA PRADESH         Sagar                     61.69 169.59
MADHYA PRADESH         Satna                     61.13 174.41
MADHYA PRADESH         Sehore                    62.05 165.04
MADHYA PRADESH         Seoni                     64.01 170.48
MADHYA PRADESH         Shahjapur                 61.56 163.45
MADHYA PRADESH         Shehdol                   62.67 175.83
MADHYA PRADESH         Shivpuri                  59.68 167.74
MADHYA PRADESH         Sidhi                     61.49 176.36
MADHYA PRADESH         Surguja                   63.66 180.00
MADHYA PRADESH         Tikamgarh                 60.70 170.12
MADHYA PRADESH         Ujjain                    60.93 157.65
MADHYA PRADESH         Vidisha                   61.77 166.44
MADHYA PRADESH         West nimar                63.23 161.05
MAHARASHTRA            Ahmadnagar                65.65 155.88
MAHARASHTRA            Akola                     64.41 163.22
MAHARASHTRA            Amravathi                 64.76 165.67
MAHARASHTRA            Aurangabad                65.10 158.41
MAHARASHTRA            Beed                      66.19 158.43
MAHARASHTRA            Bhandara                  64.69 170.46
MAHARASHTRA            Bombay                   71.59 139.22
MAHARASHTRA            Buldana                   64.71 161.18
MAHARASHTRA            Chandrapur                66.23 169.27
MAHARASHTRA            Dhule                     63.88 157.89
MAHARASHTRA            Gadchiroli                66.12 171.45
MAHARASHTRA            Jalgaon                   63.96 160.01
MAHARASHTRA            Jalna                     65.28 159.92
MAHARASHTRA            Kolhapur                  67.95 151.78
MAHARASHTRA            Latur                     67.27 160.33
MAHARASHTRA            Nagpur                    56.63 160.35
MAHARASHTRA            Nanded                    66.62 163.17
MAHARASHTRA            Nashik                    63.99 153.05
MAHARASHTRA            Osmanbad                  67.22 158.66
MAHARASHTRA            Parbhani                  66.31 161.68
MAHARASHTRA            Pune                      65.87 153.17
MAHARASHTRA            Raigad                    65.07 150.64
MAHARASHTRA            Ratnagiri                 67.11 149.56
MAHARASHTRA            Sangli                    67.90 153.05
MAHARASHTRA            Satara                    66.25 149.63
MAHARASHTRA            Sindhudurg                68.14 149.80
MAHARASHTRA            Solapur                   67.96 154.85
MAHARASHTRA            Thane                     64.92 151.60
MAHARASHTRA            Wardha                    65.19 167.74
MAHARASHTRA            Yavatmal                  65.45 166.37
MANIPUR                Bishnupur                 58.49 204.67
MANIPUR                Chandel                   58.87 204.77
MANIPUR                Imphal                   58.51 204.73
MANIPUR                Manipur                   58.38 205.17
MANIPUR                Manipur east              57.97 205.64
MANIPUR                Manipur north             58.38 205.17
MANIPUR                Manipur south             58.88 205.18
MANIPUR                Manipur west              58.35 204.36
MANIPUR           Thoubal                     58.69 205.15
MEGHALAYA         East garo hills             58.45 200.72
MEGHALAYA         Jainita hills               58.45 200.72
MEGHALAYA         Shillong                   58.45 200.72
MEGHALAYA         West garo hills             59.04 196.23
MEGHALAYA         West khasi hills            59.13 199.01
MIZORAM           Aizwal                     60.09 203.29
MIZORAM           Chimtutipui                 61.33 204.74
MIZORAM           Lunglei                     61.02 204.25
NAGALAND          Kohima                     57.53 204.40
NAGALAND          Mokochung                   56.64 204.80
NAGALAND          Mon                         55.99 205.44
NAGALAND          Phek                        60.41 207.57
NAGALAND          Tuensang                    56.58 205.51
NAGALAND          Wokha                       56.92 204.44
NAGALAND          Zunheboto                   57.10 204.96
NTPC              Talchar                     65.19 185.68
ORISSA            Balangir                    65.74 181.37
ORISSA            Baleshwar                   64.45 190.54
ORISSA            Bhubaneshwar               66.09 187.19
ORISSA            Cuttack                     65.84 187.21
ORISSA            Dhenkanal                   65.55 186.33
ORISSA            Ganjam                      67.22 185.97
ORISSA            Kalahandi                   66.69 180.44
ORISSA            Kendujhar                   64.69 186.12
ORISSA            Koraput                     67.97 179.12
ORISSA            Mayurbhanj                  64.16 190.25
ORISSA            Phulbani                    65.84 183.55
ORISSA            Puri                        66.56 188.31 83.5
ORISSA            Sambalpur                   64.85 182.64
ORISSA            Sundergarh                  64.20 183.11
PUNJAB            Amritsar                    52.19 164.83
PUNJAB            Bhatinda                    53.77 164.38
PUNJAB            Faridkot                    53.27 164.25
PUNJAB            Ferozepur                   53.21 163.85
PUNJAB            Gurdaspur                   51.80 165.89
PUNJAB            Hoshiapur                   52.61 165.79
PUNJAB            Jalandhar                  52.61 165.79
PUNJAB            Kapurthala                  52.48 165.52
PUNJAB            Ludhiana                    52.04 166.62
PUNJAB            Patiala                     53.85 167.32
PUNJAB            Ropar                       53.20 168.01
PUNJAB            Sangrur                     53.79 166.02
RAJASTHAN         Ajmer                       57.74 161.72
RAJASTHAN         Alwar                       57.05 166.38
RAJASTHAN         Banswara                    60.81 159.38
RAJASTHAN         Barmer                      57.24 154.66
RAJASTHAN         Bharatpur                   57.41 166.37
RAJASTHAN         Bhilwarwa                   58.92 161.04
RAJASTHAN         Bikaner                     55.32 160.19
RAJASTHAN         Bundi                       59.13 163.26
RAJASTHAN         Chittaurgarh                59.41 160.75
RAJASTHAN         Churu                       55.80 163.42
RAJASTHAN         Dholpur                     58.20 169.39
RAJASTHAN         Dungarpur                   60.22 157.98
RAJASTHAN             Ganganagar                 53.60 161.52
RAJASTHAN             Jaipur                    57.54 164.38
RAJASTHAN             Jaisalmer                  55.81 154.69
RAJASTHAN             Jalor                      58.17 156.83
RAJASTHAN             Jhalawar                   60.24 163.93
RAJASTHAN             Jhunjhunun                 56.13 164.19
RAJASTHAN             Jodhpur                    57.36 158.34
RAJASTHAN             Kota                       59.48 163.54
RAJASTHAN             Nagaur                     56.61 160.36
RAJASTHAN             Pali                       57.98 158.58
RAJASTHAN             Sawai madhapur             58.75 165.13
RAJASTHAN             Sikar                      56.60 163.40
RAJASTHAN             Sirohi                     58.78 157.29
RAJASTHAN             Tonk                       58.40 164.09
RAJASTHAN             Udaipur                    59.41 158.51
SAIL                  Bernpur                    61.97 189.48
SAIL                  Bhadravathi                71.70 151.98
SAIL                  Bhilai                     65.11 176.00
SAIL                  Bokaro                     61.64 187.36
SAIL                  Durgapur                   62.23 190.02
SAIL                  Rourkela                   63.95 185.07
SIKKIM                East distt-sikk            57.55 192.40
SIKKIM                Gangtok                   57.55 192.40
SIKKIM                North distt-sikk           57.38 192.16
SIKKIM                South distt-sikk           57.88 191.97
SIKKIM                West distt-sikk            57.82 191.59
TAMIL NADU            Anna                       76.34 151.40
TAMIL NADU            Chengalpattu               74.47 164.51
TAMIL NADU            Coimbatore                 75.27 151.02
TAMIL NADU            Dharmapuri                 74.67 158.15
TAMIL NADU            Kamarajar                  77.25 151.88
TAMIL NADU            Kanyakumari                78.51 145.60
TAMIL NADU            Madras                     74.29 168.02
TAMIL NADU            Madurai                   77.08 153.27 83.5
TAMIL NADU            Nilgiri                    74.73 150.94
TAMIL NADU            North arcot                74.17 163.25
TAMIL NADU            Periyar                    75.29 154.59
TAMIL NADU            Pudukottai                 76.25 154.53
TAMIL NADU            P.muthuramalinga           77.18 157.21
TAMIL NADU            Ramanathapuram             78.07 155.62
TAMIL NADU            Salem                      75.19 157.28
TAMIL NADU            South arcot                75.66 164.52
TAMIL NADU            Tanjavur                   76.54 160.14
TAMIL NADU            Thiruchchirappal           76.40 158.12
TAMIL NADU            Thirunelveli               78.03 148.82
TAMIL NADU            V.O.Chidambarana           78.26 151.02
TRIPURA               North tripura              60.03 201.39
TRIPURA               South tripura              61.42 200.93
TRIPURA               West tripura               60.73 199.61
UNION TERRITORY       Andamans                  72.50 219.10
UNION TERRITORY       Chandigarh                53.54 167.97
UNION TERRITORY       Dadar & nagar ha          63.41 153.28
UNION TERRITORY       Daman                     63.41 152.79 83.5
UNION TERRITORY       Diu                       62.14 148.96
UNION TERRITORY       Karaikal                  71.73 133.86
UNION TERRITORY       Lakshadweep              72.66 135.07
UNION TERRITORY       Mahe                     73.76 147.71
UNION TERRITORY       New delhi - I            56.05 168.08
UNION TERRITORY       Nicobars                 74.72 226.67
UNION TERRITORY       Pondicherry              75.50 165.10
UNION TERRITORY       Yanam                    70.23 177.70
UTTAR PRADESH         Agra                     57.78 169.23
UTTAR PRADESH         Aligarh                   56.98 169.76
UTTAR PRADESH         Allhabad                  60.23 177.33
UTTAR PRADESH         Almora                   55.03 173.32
UTTAR PRADESH         Azamgarh                  59.43 180.57
UTTAR PRADESH         Baduan                    57.04 171.70
UTTAR PRADESH         Bahraich                  57.76 176.98
UTTAR PRADESH         Balandshahr               56.28 169.44
UTTAR PRADESH         Ballia                    64.55 184.55
UTTAR PRADESH         Banda                     60.07 173.82
UTTAR PRADESH         Bara banki                58.32 176.16
UTTAR PRADESH         Bareilly                  56.69 172.49
UTTAR PRADESH         Basti                     58.47 179.63
UTTAR PRADESH         Bijnor                    55.34 170.12
UTTAR PRADESH         Chamoli                   54.32 172.62
UTTAR PRADESH         Dehradun                  54.35 170.24
UTTAR PRADESH         Deoria                    59.03 181.76
UTTAR PRADESH         Etah                      57.44 170.71
UTTAR PRADESH         Etawah                    58.41 171.25
UTTAR PRADESH         Faizabad                 58.71 178.08
UTTAR PRADESH         Farrukhabad               57.83 172.05
UTTAR PRADESH         Fatehpur                  59.60 174.48
UTTAR PRADESH         Garhwal                   54.53 171.42
UTTAR PRADESH         Ghaziabad                 56.29 168.91
UTTAR PRADESH         Ghazipur                  60.09 181.16
UTTAR PRADESH         Gonda                     58.27 178.18
UTTAR PRADESH         Gorakhpur                 58.74 180.81
UTTAR PRADESH         Hamirpur                  59.55 173.46
UTTAR PRADESH         Hardoi                    57.93 173.85
UTTAR PRADESH         Jalaun                    59.14 171.55
UTTAR PRADESH         Jaunpur                   59.91 179.42
UTTAR PRADESH         Jhansi                    59.86 169.77
UTTAR PRADESH         Kanpur                    58.82 174.43
UTTAR PRADESH         Kheri                     57.32 175.03
UTTAR PRADESH         Lalitpur                  60.79 169.09
UTTAR PRADESH         Lucknow                   58.54 175.40
UTTAR PRADESH         Mainpuri                  57.90 171.42
UTTAR PRADESH         Mathura                   57.23 168.25
UTTAR PRADESH         Meerut                    55.58 168.61
UTTAR PRADESH         Mirzapur                  60.58 179.22
UTTAR PRADESH         Moradabad                 56.01 171.32
UTTAR PRADESH         Mussorie                  53.68 170.47
UTTAR PRADESH         Muzaffarnagar             59.49 185.69
UTTAR PRADESH         Nanital                   55.54 172.82
UTTAR PRADESH         Pilibhit                  56.38 173.42
UTTAR PRADESH         Pithoragarh               55.38 174.44
UTTAR PRADESH         Pratapgarh                60.58 179.22
UTTAR PRADESH         Raibareli                 59.31 176.01
UTTAR PRADESH         Rampur                    55.99 17
UTTAR PRADESH         Saharanpur                54.54 169.09
UTTAR PRADESH         Shahjahanpur              57.28 173.39
UTTAR PRADESH         Sitapur                   57.79 174.96
UTTAR PRADESH         Sulthanpur                59.23 178.31
UTTAR PRADESH         Tehri garhwal             54.03 171.21
UTTAR PRADESH         Unnao                     58.88 174.38
UTTAR PRADESH         Uttar kashi               53.55 171.15
UTTAR PRADESH         Varanasi                  60.39 180.00
WEST BENGAL           24 paraganas nor          57.55 217.94
WEST BENGAL           24 paraganas sou          62.79 194.49
WEST BENGAL           Bankura                   62.46 189.43
WEST BENGAL           Birbhum                   61.71 190.42
WEST BENGAL           Burdwan                   62.49 192.62
WEST BENGAL           Calcutta                 62.77 194.69
WEST BENGAL           Cooch bihar               58.56 194.67
WEST BENGAL           Darjiling                 57.93 191.44
WEST BENGAL           Haora                     62.84 194.08
WEST BENGAL           Hugli                     62.54 194.14
WEST BENGAL           Jalpaiguri                58.52 192.39
WEST BENGAL           Maldah                    64.33 193.96
WEST BENGAL           Medinapore                64.44 190.63
WEST BENGAL           Murshidabad               61.06 193.24
WEST BENGAL           Nadia                     61.82 194.42
WEST BENGAL           Puruliya                  62.30 190.05
WEST BENGAL           West dinajpur             59.68 194.21

DirectU2 Specs & Techs: Batteries Smaller than a Grain of Salt...

2011-01-04T07:20:00.001-08:00

View it online

New Multiparameter Transmitter with Predictive Diagnostics Mettler-Toledo Thornton Inc. The next generation of Smart Sensing technology is the color touchscreen-enabled M800 multiparameter transmitter from Mettler-Toledo Thornton. Intelligent Sensor Management (ISM™) digital sensing technology is integrated into a "plug and measure" platform for process analytics, diagnostics, and maintenance applications for up to eight measurements of pH/ORP, conductivity/resistivity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved ozone, and flow — in pure water and process applications. The M800 displays diagnostic conditions in real time, immediately informing the user of a potential problem with actionable information.	New VJ-ADVANCE Joystick-controlled Borescope RF System Lab This all-new video borescope from RF System Lab features joystick-controlled, 360 degree camera articulation and on-board image, video, and audio capture. New features include a larger 3.5 in. LCD monitor, 2x digital zoom, and steel-braided insertion tube. The ergonomic design allows you to point the camera, capture images and video, and adjust the LEDs all with one hand. This battery-operated borescope is highly-portable and very competitive on price and features. Watch a video of this ground-breaking scope.
Affordable 600A Clamp Meter, Bonus Accessory Offer Extech Instruments Corp. Extech's MA640 AC/DC 600A True RMS clamp meter is a high-feature, high-value clamp meter. The MA640 and AC-only MA620 offer advanced multimeter capabilities with a built-in, non-contact voltage detector. These affordable and rugged clamp meters are compact, easy-to-hold, and feature an ample 1.5 in. (40 mm) jaw. Plus, for a limited time, you can receive a complimentary AC Line Splitter Accessory with your MA620 or MA640. Learn more.	Considering uPrint? Consider the Objet24 Objet Geometries, Inc. The Objet24 Personal 3D Printer is the first office system to print true-to-life models — featuring strong materials, small moving parts, thin walls, and smooth, paintable surfaces. Print exactly what you design. Ideal for product and industrial designers and engineers looking to produce highly-accurate models for visual aids, fit and assembly testing, and functional applications. Cut out the middle man. With an Objet24 on your desk, you're no longer dependent on outsourced providers. Rapidly print whatever you need , as often as you like, in the convenience of your office.


Introducing GlobalSpec's Video Archive Now in its introductory phase, GlobalSpec's Video Archive provides direct access to GlobalSpec's Online Trade Show & Conference educational sessions developed by leading manufacturers and thought leaders. Available now for your viewing: The World of Alternative & Renewable Energy Energy Landscape in 2020: Smart & Sustainable View additional presentations in the area of alternative and renewable energy, power generation & distribution equipment, and plant & facilities engineering. Watch as we further develop our video selections to include manufacturer's expert videos, product videos, and more.

New Online Store for Vibration and Predictive Maintenance Products MISTRAS NDT Products & Systems Our Vibra-Metrics™ brand continues to provide innovative and patented solutions for the predictive maintenance community, even in the most advanced or demanding applications. Vibra-Metrics™ products are designed to measure accurately and continuously, providing the most consistent data possible for trending, prediction, prevention, and locating machinery deficiencies before they become problems. Browse and purchase from a range of standard products and accessories, including accelerometers (vibration monitoring sensors), data delivery systems and a comprehensive assortment of ancillary products. Visit the MISTRAS Marketplace.


Desalination Moves Forward An IEEE Spectrum podcast relates how a Massachusetts-based startup may soon commercialize a desalination technology needing one-tenth the energy consumed by current reverse osmosis systems. Seawater pulled through a membrane by a highly saline draw solution is subjected to recovered power plant discharge heat to drive off carbon dioxide and ammonia. More from Environmental Technology…	Essential, but Invisible to the Eye Batteries smaller than a grain of salt may soon power micro-scale devices, with engineers pursuing the same power and energy densities as lithium ion batteries. Well-ordered micro-pillars or nano-wires were coated with the solid electrolyte lithium aluminosilicate. Surface-to-volume ratio in these structures is optimized for maximum energy density. Learn more about lithium batteries…

Near Zero-backlash Hollow Shaft Gear Head Nabtesco Motion Control, Inc. Nabtesco's RD-C Series gear head combines precision (less than 1 arc-min backlash), durability (5X E-Stop torque), and a hollow shaft configuration (up to 5 in. diameter) in one complete package. Integrated bearings support heavy external loads; the patented cycloidal design provides extreme rigidity and high ratios. The RD-C is ideal for any high-performance positioning application. Sizes available with output torque to 390,373 in.-lbs (E-Stop); moment capacity to 780,570 in.-lbs, and ratios up to 400:1.	Deublin Rotary Union Model 2620 Deublin Co. Deublin's Model 2620 Rotary Union features two independent passages, making it suitable for CNC machine applications (e.g. unclamping, work piece sensing, and cooling), in addition to a variety of machinery applications. Balanced mechanical seals, with silicon carbide seal faces, provide long service and reduced operating torque. Closed seals allow continuous containment of media and labyrinth, protecting bearings from the media being transmitted. These rotary unions are available with a variety of mounting configurations. Learn more.
Rugged Rack Mount LCD Monitors General Digital Corporation Could you use a high-performance, rack mount LCD monitor that withstands harsh operating environments? Do you require multiple video inputs and superior reliability? We offer many configurations to suit any application: flip up/flip down, static mount, waterproof, and dual display — all U.S.-manufactured. Call for a quote or more information.
DI Water and Nitrogen Inline Heaters Infinity Fluids Corp. Infinity's DI Water Heaters and Nitrogen Heaters were designed to reinvent economy and compactness in all clean heating applications — semiconductor, pharma, etc. Infinity's patented CRES heaters and CENTAX heaters are the most durable, inexpensive units available on the market. Stainless construction make these units perfect for your toughest clean applications.


DCTH Series Displacement Transducers RDP Electrosense DCTH Series displacement transducers for displacement/position measurement. They make an accurate position measurement of the movement of the armature (the sliding part) relative to the body of the displacement transducer. More info...	Quality Industrial Electronics Quality Industrial Electronics We offer repair services on a wide range of equipment, stock thousands of re-manufactured items, and specialize in locating obsolete items. We have been servicing the industry for over 20 years! More info...
Precision Cylinder Lenses IRD Glass IRD specializes in manufacturing custom cylindrical lenses from a range of optical materials. Holding very precise tolerances helps customers solve problems resulting from excessive variation in small and large quantities. More info...	Net Safety Banshee343 Ultrasonic Gas Leak Detector Net Safety Monitoring Inc. The Banshee343 is an advanced gas leak detection system utilizing four ultra-sensitive acoustic sensors monitoring wide areas for ultrasound generated from the release of pressurized gas, in any environmental conditions. More info...


Car (Almost) Parks Itself This active parking-assist system uses ultrasonic sensors to determine if a prospective parking space is large enough for the vehicle and does the steering as the car backs into the spot (you handle the brakes and transmission). On the rear bumper, another detector lets you know when you're close enough to the car behind you that you need to stop. Learn more about ultrasonic transducers…	Acoustics Predict Landslides Probably the first of its kind, a new sound sensor system measures and analyzes soil acoustics, predicting when a landslide is likely to occur. Early warnings are then issued via text messages alerting local authorities to take appropriate actions like evacuation. Functioning as microphones in the soil, the sensors gauge increasing acoustic emissions. Each sensor transmits acoustic data to a central computer that analyzes it. More from Acoustics & Audio Technology…


This Month's Challenge Sponsored by Vision Research Vision Research's Phantom v341 digital high-speed video camera provides a 4 megapixel 35 mm format sensor and almost 3 gigapixels/second throughput. Calculating Machine You have four single-operation calculating machines — one only adds, one only subtracts, one only multiplies, and one only divides. Which machine is the most useful in performing any one of these four mathematical operations? Answer / Discuss


Neutron Hardness of Photodiodes for Use in Passive Rubidium Frequency Standards "The photodiode used for optical detection of the atomic resonance in a passive rubidium frequency standard (RFS) is a critical component that can limit the radiation hardness of the standard at high neutron fluence levels. With the goal of obtaining a more neutron-resistant photodiode than is normally used in an RFS, experiments were carried out to evaluate the neutron hardness of several different types of planar silicon photodiodes." Read this article in its entirety. This article is provided by OSI Optoelectronics.


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January 4, 2011 - Volume 11 Issue 1B

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Steps for NMX(Digital service Manager) Upgradation

2010-10-25T17:00:00.000-07:00

1.Install the new software version 5.3.3 in NMX lab server.

2.Insert 13th channel (ETV-Movies) Encoder or a New encoder in the lab system.

3.Before zaping prostream and encoder ,we have to confirm software version backward compatibility.

4.ZAP the above encoder with new software version.

5.After that ZAP the prostream with new software version.

6.Check any new features are added in NMX server.

7.Configure 8:2 encoder setup in the lab system for 16 channel purpose.

8.Check the output of the prostream for signal quality with different given bit rates.

9.Connect prostream output to the lab CA system and check the compatibility with different IRD,s.

10.NMX training classes.

11.We have to monitor and test the new upgraded software version at least 10 -15 days.

12.After Successful observation, we upgrade the NMX software version in the online system in the presence of NMX Engineer.

Steps followed for adding 13th&14th channels to the present transmission system

2010-08-20T10:54:00.000-07:00

On 20/08/2010 at 12:35 AM we took backup from NMX main server for 12 channels
At 12:40 AM removed server redundancy between both servers
At 12:50 AM restored 14 channels database in standby NMX server
We checked all parameters & changed channel name, video PID, Audio PID and PMT PID
Then started Domain Manager in standby server
Observed glitches, white frames and blanks randomly about 2 min at 1:03 AM (we suspecting problem in 14 channel database)
We stopped Domain Manager of standby server and restored to previous database.
Then we created 13th and 14th channels manually & made necessary connections in main NMX server Digital Service Manager etc.,(Statmux rate adjusted to 30.90 from 30.99 mbps to increase null rate for CAS).
We rebuilt service configuration in Digital Service Manager. At this we observed 15 sec blank which is compulsory.
Then 13th & 14th channels are added to statmux pool. At this time we observed glitches, blanks and white frames about 2 min while configuring bitrates in statmux.
Then 14th channel was disabled.
Verified all PID's and necessary tests are done.
Then redundancy added for both servers and tested successfully.
After this,new services was added and configured in PISYS (13th channel) and tested successfully with regular commands.
At 3:45 am transmission chain changed to Standby path(MUX,SAS,MOD)
At 4:00 am we disabled 13th channel in NMX server and verified all PID's at the downlink.
At 4:15 am transmission chain changed to main path(SAS,MUX,MOD).

Works to be done to start 13Th channel

2010-08-19T05:35:00.000-07:00

Works to be taken to add 13Th channel

1. Backup NMX settings for the existing services.

2. Stop the NMX servers in domain manager

3. From domain manager/fail-safe>remove redundancy

4. Give new ID (12 to remove redundancy)

5. Restore 14th channel database in Backup server

6. Install lab encoder in NMX rack and connect input & output connections

7. Add MAC address in configuration and restart the encoder

8. Change channel name, video PID, Audio PID & PMT PID according to other channels without conflicting

9. In Statistical multiplex check bitrate for each channel

10. Assign bitrate as per our requirement

11. Enable 13th channel and check output in output service configuration (14th channel is disabled)

12. Check all green for ok

13. Take backup server as master server

14. Then restore databe of 13 channel (fresh backup in backup server) in master server

15. Arrange monitor at prosteam output with L-Band converter

16. Add redundancy & check prostream output (ID -11 to add redundancy).

Conditional Access steps:

1. Tune for new service in auto configuration wizard

2. Change name for the new channel as ETV-Cinema / (Note:-check multiple keys or single key)/

3. Create product and mention tag as ETVCIN

4. Put scrambling 'ON' and add product & Nationality

5. Check downlink with conditional access commands on the new channel as well as old receivers

6. After that disable 13th channel. (No 14th channel will appear in CA)

1. After finishing all settings in the PISYS Server , reset both the Online and Standby SAS.
7. We require all the MPEG 4 Smartcards numbers list from Pay channel Dept. with appropriate syntax in the Floppy Disk.

8. Send Homing Channel data to all the MPEG 4 Receivers through PISYS Server.

9. Tune all the MPEG 4 Receivers by SHTUNE command from PISYS Server.

10. Before implementing, all the above steps to be tested in our Teleport Lab.

About Earthing in Electrical circuits

2010-06-09T00:31:00.000-07:00

EARTHING.

Earthing and it’s types.
It is very important to earth the line and electrical equipment. It will be electrically unsafe without earthing. The pole/ body of equipment connected solidly to earth is called earthing.

1)For Electrical supports and equipments.
It case of short circuit or leakage, current will pass with minimum resistance to earth so that maximum current will flow through effected circuit so that fuse will blow or circuit breaker to trip. This will isolate the faulty line or equipment from live circuit.

2)Transformer neutral earthing.
a.The leakage or unbalanced current will have path with minimum resistance.
b.Sensitive protecting equipment works properly. (Earth Fault Relay.)
c.It prevents the lines being charged to excessive high voltage due to lightening or switching surges.
d.By connecting resistance in the neutral earthing, fault current is controlled.
e.It helps for keeping neutral voltage always zero.

3)For Lightening Arrestor: -
The lightening arrestor earthing discharges the lightening charge with very low resistance, which prevents possible damages. For this, very low earth resistance is necessary. This quality can be achieved by piercing earth electrode deep in the ground up to wet soil. Earth resistance depends on-
1)Types of soil, (2) Temperature of soil, (3) Wetness of soil, (4) Minerals in soil, (5) Size of Electrode, (6) Cross section of electrode, (7) Deepness of electrode in ground, (8) Distance between two electrodes.
Earth tester measures Earth resistance and its unit is ohm.

LINE AND POLE EARTHING.

1)Every fifth metallic pole of L.T. line should be earthed.
2)Cross arms, top clip, insulator pins of P.S.C. pole should be earthed along with the pole.
3)Guarding at Railway crossing, Telephone crossing, Road crossings should be earthed along with pole on both side. If earth electrode is not available 8 S.W.G. G.I. wire coil of 25 mm dia and 120 to 150 mm long should be used and placed in a pit at a distance of 90 cms. from pole at a depth of 150 cms. It is very necessary to earth the guarding. All the metal fittings of L.T. pole and stay should be earthed and connected firmly to neutral because neutral is multiple earthed neutral.
4)A separate earth electrode to be used for L.A. earthing and the earth wire should be through an Alkathine pipe without touching the pole.

Methods of Earthing.
1)Plate Earthing :
A) In major power stations and major sub-stations 12 mm thick, 1200 m long, 1200 mm wide Cast Iron plates are used.
B) For minor sub-stations 18 mm broad, 50 x 50 cm. G.I. plates are used. These plates are dug vertically in the pit. Coal, sand and salt are filled in the pit each of 150 mm layer. The plate should be dug deep so that soil will be wet from all sides. The plate should be placed at a distance of 1200 cm. from each other.
2) Pipe Earthing.
A) For Power Stations, and major sub-stations 12 mm thick, 150 mm dia, 300 cms. Long G.I. pipes are used. A minimum distance of 1200 cm. should be kept between earth electrodes in major sub-stations and 180 cms in case of minor sub-stations. At least one electrodes to be used at every corner in sub-stations. Each electrical equipment structure and the entire metal fitting should be earthed. Three earth electrodes are used for pole-mounted transformer. The transformer neutral and body should be double earthed. A minimum 8 S.W.G. G.I. wire should be used for earthing. Separate earthing should be done for distribution box. 7/10 SWG G.I. wire should be used for tower earthing, and for S/s. gantries 3mm thick, 50 mm x 50 mm M.S. plate is used. G.I. pipe of 25 mm thick, 1910 mm long is used for H.T. line, and 20 mm thick, 1720 mm long for L.T. lines.

The purpose of coal and salt is to keep wet the soil permanently. The salt percolates and coal absorbs water keeping the soil wet. Care should always be taken by watering the earth pits in summer so that the pit soil will be wet. Coal is made of carbon which is good conductor minimizing the earth resistant. For sub-station earthing the provisions in I.S.I. 3043 (1966) Section 1,2 & 3 should be utilized.

Joints: - Rivets are used for joining the earth system, nut bolts or welding also used depending on the temperature rise of the system.
The joint to earth conductor in switchgear unit or cable sheaths required to be separated frequently, hence nut bolts are used at joint. In case of steel system they should inconsistently be by welding. Only the places where earth testing is carried, should be nut bolted.
All joints should be properly painted. Channel, supporting control boards and panels are used as earth electrodes (This is possible only when they are connected to earth system at both ends.)

EARTH TESTER & EARTH RESISTANCE.

Use of Earth Tester - Earth tester is used for measurement of Earth resistance. If earth resistance is more, proper treatments to be given.

Working of Earth Tester :- There is hand operated D.C.generator. While feeding current to spike. D.C.current is converted into A.C. current by the converter and A.C.current received from spike is again converted in D.C. current by the help of rectifier, while going to generator.

A.C. current is fed to the spike driven in earth because there should not be electrolytic effect.

Measurement of Earth Resistance (Three point method):-

In this method earth tester terminals C1 & P1 are shorted to each other and connected to the earth electrode (pipe) under test. Terminals P2 & C2 are connected to the two separate spikes driven in earth. These two spikes are kept in same line at the distance of 25 meters and 50 meters due to which there will not be mutual interference in the field of individual spikes. If we rotate generator handle with specific speed we get directly earth resistance on scale.

Note :- Spike length in the earth should not be more than 1/20th distance between two spikes.

Four Point Method :- In this method 4 spikes are driven in earth in same line at the equal distance. Outer two spikes are connected to C1 & C2 terminals of earth tester. Similarly inner two spikes are connected to P1 & P2 terminals. Now if we rotate generator handle with specific speed, we get earth resistance value of that place.
In this method error due to polarisation effect is eliminated and earth tester can be operated directly on A.C.

Earth Resistance :- (A) -Earth resistance is depended on following factors.
1) Type of earth soil.
2) Temperature of earth.
3) Humidity in earth.
4) Minerals in earth.
5) Length of electrode in the earth.
6) Electrode shape and size.
7) Distance between two electrodes.
8) Number of electrodes.

(B) Maximum earth resistance allowed is as below :-
Major power station 0.5 .
Major Sub-stations 1.0 
Minor Sub-station 2 
Neutral Bushing. 2
Service connection 4 
L.T.Lightening Arrestor 4  L.T.Pole 5
H.T.Pole 10 
Tower 20-30 

If earth resistance is more than above values, following Treatments can be made for minimizing resistance.
1) Oxidation on joints should be removed and joints be tightened.
2) Sufficient water should be poured in earth electrode.
3) Earth Electrode of bigger size as far as possible be used.
4) Electrodes should be connected in parallel.
5) Earth pit of more depth & width- breadth be made.

SCOPUS ENCODER(UE-9000) MENU OVER VIEW

2010-04-07T15:47:00.000-07:00

MENU----enter

1.PRESET

2.IF MODULATIO

3.CONFIGURATION

4.STATUS

1.PRESET-----enter

*Recall

*Save current

*Delete

*Rename

2.IF MODULATION------enter

*IF Power ---- -12 dbm

*Mod ON/OFF ------- ON

*Carrier ON/OFF ----- ON

*Symbol Rate ------- 01110000 sps(or)1.11 Msps

*Modulation scheme------ QPSK , 5/6 or 0.8333

*Frame Length --------- 32000 bits

*Operating mode --------- Auto (C and M)

*Roll of Factor -------- 0.35

*IF Frequency --------- 70 Mhz

*L-band monitor freq ----- 108000 hz

*Pilot Mode ---------------- OFF

3.CONFIGURATION-------enter

a)Transport Stream

*General

*Scrembling Mode

* Services

*SI Tables

b)Video

*Video input

*Video Engine

c)Audio

*General

*Channel Parameters

*Embedded Parameters

c)Output Interface

*IP Out

*ASI Out

d)Unit

*Licensing

*Stat Mux

*Alarm

*Display Contrast

*Authorization

*System

*SNMP Traps

e)Inputs

*ASI Input

*IP Input

*Serial Input

4.STATUS

*Service/PID Table

*Unit Configuration and Permissions

*Alarm Status

*Access Authorisation

RAID CONCEPT IN IBM SERVERS

2010-03-30T10:47:00.000-07:00

The important general RAID Concept is physical and logical Arrays and Drives: Before, going into RAID Concepts we should be clear with the fundamental structure of RAID. The fundamental structure of RAID is like an array. An array is nothing but a collection of drives in some definite pattern. The drives are connected in the form of array and the data is split between them to determine the RAID level. The particular definition which are in use is Physical Drives: The Physical Drives are the physical, hard disks that are in the form of the array, Physical Arrays:
The Physical Arrays are physical drives which are connected together to form a physical array. Logical Arrays: The Logical arrays are formed by combining one or more physical arrays. Logical Drives: Logical Drives are formed by connecting one or more logical drivers and are formed from one logical array. The confusing thing is that the terms above, used are similar enough, and are more lightly used. The most RAID consist of one physical array which inturn is made up of one logical array. RAID controllers are like a rope which is needed to hang it comes to defining arrays. Another important RAID Concept is Mirroring: Mirroring is a procedure in which data in the system is written simultaneously to two or more hard disks. Thus it is also known as the mirror concept. The principle of mirroring is to obtain 100% data redundancy, which provides full protection against the failure of either of the disks containing the duplicated data.
The other RAID Concept is Duplexing: Duplexing is an update version of mirroring which is based on the same principle as that mirroring technique. Like in mirroring, all data is duplicated onto two distinct physical hard drives. Duplexing is much more advanced then mirroring in terms of availability because it can provide the data protection against drive failure that mirroring does, but it can also protects against the failure of either of the controllers. The interesting RAID Concept is Striping: Striping is obtained at the byte level, as well as in block level. The Byte-level striping breaks the file into byte-sized pieces. After Byte level striping, the first byte of the file is sent to the first drive, then the second to the second drive, and so on. Block-level striping means that each file is broken into different blocks of a certain size and those are distributed to the various drives.
The last and important RAID Concept is Parity: The parity is used for the system memory error detection. The parity used in RAID is very similar in concept to parity RAM. The principle of parity is simple: take N pieces of data, and compute an extra piece of data. After that take N+1 pieces of data and store it in N+1 drives. If you have lost any one of the data, you can recreate it from the N remain, regardless of which piece is lost. Parity protection is generally used with striping in order to get high performance results across the drives in the array.
The parity information can be stored on a separate, or mixed with the data of drives. The RAID affects important reliability factors such as, For example, a commonly-heard phrase is that RAID improves hard disk reliability, but that is not an true. The truth depends to on how you define reliability and what do you mean reliability of the individual drives, or the whole system.

The major RAID Concepts are Physical and Logical Arrays and Drives, Mirroring, Duplexing, Striping and Parity. First, we look at physical and logical arrays and drives: The structure of RAID is like an array. As we know, an array is a collection of drives that is configured in a particular way. The number of drives and the data is split between them to determine the RAID level, the capacity of the array, performance and data protection characteristics helps in deciding what types of arrays needed to be set up, and how to configure them. Second, we look at Mirroring:
The advantage of mirroring is to provide redundancy of data and also quick recovery from a disk failure. All the data which is on the second drive, is ready to be use if the first one fails. The disadvantage of RAID 1 is expense. Results are as not as good as other RAID levels. Third, we look at the Duplexing: Duplexing yields superior results then mirroring because of availability, it provides the protection against drive failure that mirroring does. It is expensive more than mirroring. Fourth, we look at striping: Striping is done at byte level. Byte level striping means file is divided into "byte-sized pieces".
The first byte is sent to the first drive, then the second byte is send to the second drive, and so on. Byte level striping is done at 512 bytes. Block level striping means that the file is split into blocks of a certain size and is distributed to the various drives. The size of the blocks is called the stripe size. Finally, parity: The term parity is used in connection of system memory error detection. The parity which is used in RAID is nearly similar to parity RAM.
The parity is simple: take N pieces of data, and from them, calculate the extra amount of data. Take the N+1 amount of data and store it in N+1 drives. If you lose any one of the N+1 pieces of data regardless of which piece is lost. Parity protection is used with striping, and the N pieces of data are of the blocks distributed across the drives in the array.
The major RAID Issues are RAID Performance Issue & RAID Reliability Issue. The RAID Performance Issue: RAID was developed for protection of data in order to find the fault tolerance. The performance could be increases RAID is parallelism. The ability to access multiple disks and allows for data to be written to or read from a RAID array faster than a single drive. RAID Reliability Issue: The RAID affects important reliability factors such as, For example, a commonly-heard phrase is that RAID improves hard disk reliability, but that is not an true.
The truth depends to on how you define reliability and what do you mean reliability of the individual drives, or the whole system are about the data, or the hardware itself. The performance could be improved through the use of RAID for businesses where the protection of critical data is important factor.

RAID Concept

RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. It is an array of multiple independent hard disk drives that provide high performance and fault tolerance. The RAID subsystem controller implements several levels of the Berkeley RAID technology. An appropriate RAID level is selected when the volume sets are defined or created. This decision is based on disk capacity, data availability (fault tolerance or redundancy), and disk performance. The following is the RAID level, which support in the RAID subsystem.

The RAID subsystem controller makes the RAID implementation and the disks’ physical configuration transparent to the host operating system. This means that the host operating system drivers and software utilities are not affected, regardless of the RAID level selected. Correct installation of the disk array and the controller requires a proper understanding of RAID technology and the concepts.

Raid 0
RAID 0, also referred to as striping, writes stripping of data across multiple disk drives instead of just one disk drive. RAID 0 does not provide any data redundancy, but does offer the best high-speed data throughput. RAID 0 breaks up data into smaller blocks and then writes a block to each drive in the array. Disk striping enhances performance because multiple drives are accessed simultaneously; but the reliability of RAID Level 0 is less than any of its member disk drives due to its lack of redundancy.

Raid 1
RAID 1 also known as “disk mirroring”, data written to one disk drive is simultaneously written to another disk drive. Read performance may be enhanced if the array controller can parallel accesses both members of a mirrored pair. During writes, there will be a minor performance penalty when compared to writing to a single disk. If one drive fails, all data (and software applications) are preserved on the other drive. RAID 1 offers extremely high data reliability, but at the cost of doubling the required data storage capacity.

Raid 0+1
RAID 0+1 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1, combing stripping with disk mirroring. RAID Level 0+1 combines the fast performance of Level 0 with the data redundancy of Leve1 1. In this configuration, data is distributed across several disk drives, similar to Level 0, which are then duplicated to another set of drive for data protection. RAID 0+1 provides the highest read/write performance of any of the Hybrid RAID levels, but at the cost of doubling the required data storage capacity.

Raid 3
RAID 3 provides disk striping and complete data redundancy through a dedicated parity drive. RAID 3 breaks up data into smaller blocks, calculates parity by performing an exclusive-or on the blocks, and then writes the blocks to all but one drive in the array. The parity data created during the exclusive-or is then written to the last drive in the array. If a single drive fails, data is still available by computing the exclusive-or of the contents corresponding strips of the surviving member disk. RAID-3 is best for applications that require very fast data- transfer rates or long data blocks.

Raid 5
RAID 5 is sometimes called striping with parity at block level. In RAID 5, the parity information is written to all of the drives in the subsystems rather than concentrated on a dedicated parity disk. If one drive in the system fails, the parity information can be used to reconstruct the data from that drive. All drives in the array system can be used to seek operation at the same time, greatly increasing the performance of the RAID system.

Raid 6
A RAID 6 array is essentially an extension of a RAID 5 array with a second independent distributed parity scheme. Data and parity are striped on a block level across multiple array members, just like in RAID 5, and a second set of parity is calculated and written across all the drives. As larger disk arrays are considered, it is desirable to use stronger codes that can tolerate multiple disk failure. When a disk fails in a parity protected disk array, recovering the contents of the failed disk requires successfully reading the contents of all no-failed disks. RAID 6 provides an extremely high fault tolerance, and can sustain two simultaneous drive failures without downtime or data loss.

Summary of RAID Levels
RAID subsystem supports RAID Levels 0, 1(0+1), 3, 5 and 6. The following table provides a summary of RAID levels.

NMX data base RESTORE PROCEDURE

2010-03-29T16:51:00.000-07:00

RESTORE:

Server STOP.

Select Server Fail Status

Remove NMX Redundency[ENTER]

YES

Remove Redundency

Back Site ID[12]

NMX Redundency Removed Successfully

Select Database

Restore[ENTER]

It will ask Username: “sa”

Password: “harmonic”

Restore Database NMX Server:

Automotive List Of Files

-NMX

-ETV 1. File Name.....

-ETV1 2.File Name.....

-........ 3.File Name.....

-...... 4.File Name.....

Select Catalog and file.

RESTORE

YES

Sekect KVM switch 2^nd position.

[press CTRL+ALT+DEL from the keypad] If Necessary.

KVM Switch select[1]

Domain ETV

Right Click

Select Properties

Select Fail Status

select NMX Redundency
IP: 192.168.100.2
username: sa
password: harmonic

Restart[OK]

Select KVM Switch 2^nd position

NMX Redundency STOP wizard

Virtual IP Master mask Back mask

192.168.100.5 00:1C:23:E2:E3:AC 00:1C:23:E2:FE:39

FINISH

Afret 5 min's

Left side

click on Server START Button.

NMX data base BACKUP procedure

2010-03-29T16:48:00.000-07:00

BACKUP-RESTORE

BACKUP:

1.To back up the NMX database: From the Domain Manager Database menu, select Backup.

2. If you have not previously saved login information, the Database User Login dialog box opens.

3.In the login dialog box, enter the SQL system administrator user and password.

Harmonic began setting the SQL system administrator password to “harmonic” for computers shipped with NMX version 4.1.0.1 and later. Computers sent with earlier releases did not include a

system administrator password. If you received your computer during the 4.1.0.1 release or later, enter: User Name: sa

Password: harmonic

If you received your computer during an earlier release, and you have not set a system administrator password, leave the password field blank.

4. Optionally, check the box beside Remember login information. If you check this box, the Database User Login dialog box does not open in the future.

5. Click OK. The Backup Database dialog box opens.

6. In the List of Catalogs, select the catalog you want to back up. The List of Catalogs organizes databases by type. The NMX database is under the NMX folder. NMXDB is the default database

name, but you may have used another name.

7. In the File Name field, enter a name for the backup file, or select a file in the List of Files box if you want to overwrite an existing backup file with the current backup. The List of Files field contains a list of all the files in the database backup folder on the SQL server computer.

8. Click OK.

NMX backs up the database catalog by copying it to the backup directory.

9. Copy the backup file to another network computer so the backup is protected against disk failure on the server computer.